Abstract
In this study, the marshlands in southern Iraq were investigated, focusing on the Hawizeh Marshlands and adjacent areas, by studying the scenario and quantities of water, in addition to the hydraulic and hydrochemical characteristics. To accomplish the objects of this study the researcher visited some fields, made interview with farmers, specialists, authorities and directorates related to this study. The results of this study indicate that there are a huge problem existed in the drainage systems with absence of natural outlets, the discharges of drainage water is towards Al- Hawizeh marsh which flow back its water into Tigris river through several canals, increasing salinity, scare of water, miss-use of land, lack of governments efforts to promote agricultural production leads to loss of soil productivity and land degradation.
Highlights
The Mesopotamian Marshes are located in the larger region which used to be called Mesopotamia
The largest area of this marsh located in the Iraqi side and extends from south of Al Musharrah district in Maysan province to Qurna town in Basrah province, with total length of (80) km and (30) km width
Multi-scenarios program was found in order to restoring and re-flooding southern Iraqi marshes, through a conceptual hydrological model depending on wetlands water balance equation in order to predict the incoming water discharge from Tigris-Euphrates river system
Summary
The Mesopotamian Marshes are located in the larger region which used to be called Mesopotamia. The marshes lie on a flat alluvial plain, as the Euphrates decreases only 12 m (39 ft) in elevation during its last 300 km (190 mi) while the Tigris falls 24 m (79 ft). This delta provides an environment that allows the Tigris and Euphrates to meander, forming distributaries. The Tigris can distribute some of its flow into the Central and Hawizeh marshes as it slows near Amarah. The marsh and swamps soil is clayey in nature and is likely to be poorly drained as well They are continually flooded and covered dominantly with cattails and hydrophytic plants
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