Abstract
The pristine and Sn-doped BaTiO3 was successfully synthesized using a conventional ceramic route by calcination at 1200 °C. All the samples synthesized in the present investigation belong to the tetragonal phase crystallized under P4mm space group. The lattice parameters, c/a ratio, and X-ray density of samples increase with dopant due to larger ionic radii and heavier mass of dopant Sn than host Ti. Raman spectrum analysis of samples reconfirms the structure and solubility of Sn at the Ti site of BaTiO3. The microstructure analysis of all samples reflects spherical grains that increase the grain size with doping of Sn from 0.38 to 1.92 μm. The optical properties of samples suggest the presence of direct and indirect bandgap whose values range from (3.04–3.29) eV and (2.47–3.02) eV, respectively. The variation in dielectric constant and dissipation factor with frequency suggests the presence of interfacial and orientation polarization. A transition peak was observed in pristine sample around 120 °C, and it shifted towards room temperature with doping of Sn. The shift in transition temperature can be explained in terms of structure transition from tetragonal to cubic. The present materials are suitable candidates for radiation filters, piezoelectric devices, and ferroelectric applications.
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