Studies on the abundance, biomass and vertical distribution of larvae and pupae of black flies (Simuliidae, Diptera) on plants of the Grabia river, Poland

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Studies on black flies larvae and pupae on water plants demonstrated an abundance, often exceeding 100 000 individuals per m2, in the lotic region of the Grabia river. The biomass of larvae and pupae on water plants constitutes occasionally over 90% of the biomass of all water invertebrates. Aquatic larval stages of Simuliidae occupy preferentially most superficially located plant parts.