Abstract
Mangroves are extremely important bio-resources that are crucial to coastal environment. Indian mangrove vegetation covers about 6,756 sq. km. Along the 7516.6 km long coast line, including island territories. Estimates of the number of species considered, mangroves in the world ranges from 50-90, and in India from 50-60. Mangroves are declining rapidly as they are getting degraded for agriculture, aquaculture, tourism, urban development and over exploitation. India lost 40% of its mangrove area during the last century. The present work is focused on assessing the status of mangrove area in India with special reference to the Lothian Island Wildlife Sanctuary in Sundarbans. Total 30 species were collected during the field visits. Among them 16 species are major mangroves and 14 are mangrove associates. Effective governance structures, better planning for rehabilitation of degraded mangroves, education and awareness building in local communities are needed to conserve, protect and restore the valuable mangrove wetland ecosystems.
Highlights
Mangroves represent the most unique forest ecosystem, situated at the interface between land and the sea of tropical and subtropical latitudes
World Status of Mangroves Mangroves are distributed in about 112 countries of the world in the tropical and subtropical zones, covering a total area of about 18 million hectares
Out of the total area of world mangroves, 414.4 % exist in South and South-east Asia, followed by the Americas (27.1%)
Summary
Mangroves represent the most unique forest ecosystem, situated at the interface between land and the sea of tropical and subtropical latitudes. Studies on mangrove diversity of India with special reference to Lothain island wildlife sanctuary. Mangroves are mainly found between 32o N and 38o S latitudes along the tropical coast of Africa, Australia, Asia and Americas (Table 1). Out of the total area of world mangroves, 414.4 % exist in South and South-east Asia, followed by the Americas (27.1%).
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