Abstract
Mangroves are recognized as a highly valuable resource due to their provision of multiple ecosystem services. Therefore, mangrove ecosystems mapping and monitoring is a crucial objective, especially for tropical regions. Thai Binh province is one of the most important mangrove ecosystems in Vietnam. The mangrove ecosystem in this province has faced threats of deforestation from urban development, land reclamation, tourism activities, and natural disasters. Recently, to maintain the fundamental functions of the ecosystems, a large mangrove area was planted in Thai Binh. The aim of this research is to detect the change in the mangrove areas and to create an aboveground biomass map for mangrove forests in Thai Binh province. Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite images from 1998 to 2018 were analysed using the supervised classification method to detect mangrove area change. Mangrove Above-ground Biomass (AGB) was estimated using linear regression between vegetation indices and field AGB survey. The accuracy assessment for the classified images of 1998, 2003 and 2007, 2013 and 2018 are 93%, 86%, 96%, 94% and 91% respectively with kappa of 0.8881, 0.7953, 0.9357, 0.9114 and 0.8761. The mangrove cover in the study area was estimated at 5874.93 ha in 1998. This figure decreased significantly to 4433.85 ha in 2007, before recovery began to take place in the study area, which was estimated at 6587.88 ha in 2018. In 1998, the average AGB in this study area was 22.57 ton/ha, and in 2018 it was 37.74 ton/ha with a standard error of 12.41 ton/ha and the root mean square error (RMSE) was ±12.08 ton/ha.
Highlights
Mangroves are important coastal resources that provide valuable ecosystem goods and services (Alongi, 2002)
This study demonstrated that satellite image data could provide useful information for studies on mangroves in Thai Binh province
Our estimation of the extent of mangrove forests in this province showed an increase in the mangrove area in the last 20 years
Summary
Mangroves are important coastal resources that provide valuable ecosystem goods and services (Alongi, 2002). Mangroves can help stabilize the local shorelines and alleviate the devastating impacts of nature, such as dissipating incoming wave energy, trapping sediments in their roots, protecting the land, and standing a barrier against wind. They provide important ecological and social well-being through ecosystem services. In 2000, the mangrove forest area in the world was estimated at 137,760 km in 118 countries and territories (Giri et al, 2011). In Vietnam, the area of mangrove forests were about 400,000 hectares in the early 20th century.
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