Abstract
The present study reports the effect of Emblica officinalis (EO) derived tannins on humoral immune responses and their protective efficacy against Eimeria infection in chickens. Tannins were extracted from EO and characterized by HPLC. EO derived tannins (EOT) and commercial tannins (CT) were orally administered in broiler chicks in graded doses for three consecutive days, that is, 5th-7th days of age. On day 14 after administration of tannins, humoral immune response was detected against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) by haemagglutination assay. Protective efficacy of tannins was measured against coccidial infection, induced by Eimeria species. Results revealed higher geomean titers against SRBCs in chickens administered with EOT as compared to those administered with CT and control group. Mean oocysts per gram of droppings were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in EOT administered chickens as compared to control group. Lesion scoring also showed the lowest caecal and intestinal lesion score of mild to moderate intensity in chickens administered with EOT. Further, significantly higher (P < 0.05) daily body weight gains and antibody titers were detected in EOT administered chickens as compared to those of CT administered and control groups. EOT showed the immunostimulatory properties in broilers and their administration in chickens boost the protective immunity against coccidiosis.
Highlights
Emblica officinalis (EO) belongs to family Euphorbiaceae and is commonly called amla [1]
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of the EO derived tannins (EOT) confirmed the presence of tannic acid in the extract when compared with the standard solution of tannic acid
Both EOT and standard solution of tannic acid showed the peaks in their respective chromatograms at a retention time of 6.947 which confirmed the presence of tannins in the extract (Figures 1(a) and 1(b))
Summary
Emblica officinalis (EO) belongs to family Euphorbiaceae and is commonly called amla [1]. It is generally present in almost all Asian countries including Pakistan [2]. The higher concentration of vitamin C in amla makes it a strong antioxidant and antiaging agent [5,6,7]. It contained tannic acid, ellagitannin, gallic acid, emblicanin A, emblicanin B, and ellagic acid along with flavonoids and kaempferol [2, 8, 9]
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