Abstract
The antigenic characteristics of red cells provide unusual advantages for the analysis of genetic similarities and differences among related species. This opportunity has been most extensively exploited in the analysis of relationships among various species of pigeons and doves (cf. Irvin, 1953) and in ducks (McGibbon, 1944). Rather numerous studies have been made also of the occurrence of antigenic factors related to those found in human blood, as they occur in other animals (cf. Wiener, 1943). The most common experience in such studies has been to find that antigenic materials similar to, but often not identical with, the antigens segregating or fixed in a given species are either segregating or fixed in a related species. There has been little basis for evaluating the degree of such relationships in terms of the evolutionary affinities of the populations concerned. Some years ago, we undertook to capitalize on the availability of a large battery of antibody reagents distinguishing individual differences in cattle, for the investigation of this kind of problem. Several levels of taxonomic diversity were subjected to study, beginning with differ-
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