Abstract
A bioreactor system plays an important role in tissue engineering and enables reproduction and controlled changes in the environmental factor. The bioreactor provides technical means to perform controlled processes in safe and reduced reproducible generation of time. Cartilage cells were grown in vitro by mimicking the in vivo condition. The basic unit of cartilage, that is, chondrocyte, requires sufficient shear, strain, and hydrodynamic pressure for regular growth as it is nonvascular tissue. An attempt has been made to design a novel airlift reactor for chondrocyte culture, and the reactor has been evaluated for its performance. The design includes internal loop wavy riser airlift reactor for chondrocyte culture with 5% CO2 sparging which gives a good yield of chondrocyte after 28 days. The wavy riser provides more surfaces for collision of fluid flow so to create the turbulence. Also, the horizontal semicircular baffles create an angle of 180° which helps in high shear rate. The optimized L/D ratio of the designed airlift reactor (for chondrocyte culture) is 5.67, and it also exhibits good mixing performance.
Highlights
Tissue engineering has opened new strategies for the study and growth of tissue in vitro
This depicts the optimized mixing time of 9.2 sec for the designed length diameter (L/D) of 5.67 for the proposed airlift bioreactor (ALR), which was observed to be the optimal for chondrocyte culture
As observed in this study, the wavy-walled concentric ALR provides the in vivo condition for the chondrocyte growth
Summary
Tissue engineering has opened new strategies for the study and growth of tissue in vitro. Bioreactors represent an attractive tool to accelerate the biochemical and mechanical properties of the engineered tissues providing adequate mass transfer and physical stimuli. The product/process for each type of tissue is to be viewed as a simple bioprocess which includes cell sourcing, construction technique, bioreactor growth, and harvesting process. An integration of these components is required for the successful production of engineered cartilage [4]. Bioreactors are responsible for providing the right mass transfer conditions for nutrients and waste to be exchanged between the culture medium and the chondrocytes and suitable mechanical induction for the cartilage tissue production [8]. The bioreactor itself provides in vivo-like physical stimulation to the growing tissues, either by mechanical or hydrodynamic loading, enhancing the secretion of extracellular matrix and tissue formation [9]
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