Abstract

Abstrak
 Biokomposit merupakan jenis material yang berasal dari bahan dasar organik dan akan lebih mudah terurai saat menjadi limbah. Banyak produk saat ini bersumber dari komposit, dengan adanya biokomposit tentu saja akan mengurangi jumlah limbah. Pada penelitian ini akan dibuat material biokomposit dengan 2 variasi jenis serat bermatriks Unsaturated Polymer Resin (UPR) dan fraksi volume. Serat yang digunakan antara lain serat ijuk pohon aren dan serat pandan laut. Biokomposit dibuat menjadi empat jenis spesimen dengan perbedaan fraksi volume yakni 5%serat dengan 95%matriks; 10%serat dengan 90%matriks; 15%serat dengan 85%matriks; dan 20%serat dengan 80%matriks dengan metode hand lay – up. Hasil pembuatan biokomposit dilakukan pengujian sifat fisis berupa pengujian densitas, daya serap air dan swelling dan pengujian mekanik dengan uji tarik dan uji impact. Nilai sifat fisis terlihat hampir sama untuk masing-masing serat. Sedangkan untuk sifat mekanik biokomposit serat ijuk menunjukkan kekuatan impact tertinggi dibandingkan serat lainnya, diperoleh pada fraksi volume serat KSI3 yaitu sebesar 30,860 kJ/m2. Pada nilai kuat tarik biokomposit serat ijuk juga dapat menerima tegangan sampai menghasilkan nilai deformasinya sebesar 25,73 MPa.
 Kata Kunci: Biokomposit serat, fraksi volume, metode hand lay – up, unsaturated polyester resin, uji sifat mekanik, uji sifat fisis.
 Abstract
 Biocomposite is a type of material derived from organic base materials and will more easily decompose when it becomes waste. Many products are currently sourced from composites, with the presence of biocomposites of course it will reduce the amount of waste. In this research, biocomposite materials will be made with 2 variations of Unsaturated Polymer Resin (UPR) fiber matrix types and volume fractions. The fibers used include palm fiber fibers and sea pandan fibers. The biocomposite was made into four types of specimens with different volume fractions, namely 5% fiber and 95% matrix; 10% fiber with 90% matrix; 15% fiber with 85% matrix; and 20% fiber with 80% matrix by hand lay-up method. The results of the manufacture of biocomposites were tested for physical properties in the form of testing density, water absorption and thickness expansion and mechanical testing with tensile and impact tests. The value of physical properties looks almost the same for each fiber. As for the mechanical properties of the palm fiber biocomposite, it showed the highest impact strength compared to other fibers, obtained in the volume fraction of KSI3 fiber, which was 30.860 kJ/m2. On the tensile strength value of the palm fiber biocomposite can also accept stress to produce a deformation value of 25.73 MPa.
 Keywords: Fiber biocomposite, volume fraction, hand lay-up method, unsaturated polyester resin, mechanical properties test, physical properties test.

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