Abstract
The phase structure of planar and channel, un-annealed and annealed proton exchanged waveguides made in benzoic acid and benzoic acid + lithium benzoate melts on Z cut of congruent lithium niobate crystal was investigated using mode spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, AFM, microindentation, and wet etching techniques. In un-annealed waveguides, three layers (probably β2, β1, and κ2 phases) can be distinguished. At least two different structural layers are present in annealed channel waveguides. Proton exchange (225oC, 28 h) in benzoic acid + 3 mol.% of lithium benzoate leads to formation of κ2 phase and a thin layer of α phase.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
