Abstract
Barium titanate (BT)-based ceramics are one of the promising piezoelectric materials for environment-friendly electro-mechanical transformation. However, high performance materials are often sintered at high temperatures, resulting in volatile components and increased energy consumption. Here, 0.82Ba(Ti0.89Sn0.11)O3-(0.18-x)(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-xBiFeO3 (BTS-BCT-xBF) piezoelectric ceramics were prepared by microwave sintering (MWS) method, and the structure and properties were emphatically studied, aiming to reveal the regulatory mechanism of MWS on the structure and properties. Compared with conventional solid sintering (CS), the phase structure presents a similar evolution in MWS ceramics as a function of BF, while the more refined grain size and the denser structure are observed in MWS ceramics. The electrical properties (e.g., d33, εr, tan δ, etc.) of MWS ceramics are superior to the CS ceramics owing to the refined grain size and denser microstructure. It is worth noting that the energy storage performance (e.g., energy storage density, energy storage efficiency) significantly outperformed expectations due to the slender hysteresis loop resulting from the smaller grain and high cubic phase. Therefore, the MWS sintering mechanism can further drive practical application of BT-based ceramics.
Highlights
Academic Editor: Mattia BiesuzAs the representative of piezoelectric material, barium titanate (BT)-based ceramics are widely used in electronic components due to their excellent electric properties, such as micro-capacitors, ferroelectric memory, etc. [1,2]
It is reported that the preparation of piezoelectric ceramics has many options in terms of sintering processes, such as spark plasma sintering (SPS) [6], atmosphere sintering [7], hot pressed sintering [8], microwave sintering (MWS) [9,10], etc
On the structure and properties, two sets of 0.82Ba(Ti0.89 Sn0.11 )O3 -(0.18-x)(Ba0.7 Ca0.3 )TiO3 xBiFeO3 (BTS-BCT-xBF) samples were prepared by MWS and conventional solid sintering (CS), aiming to reveal the regulatory mechanism of MWS and CS on the structure and electrical properties of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, which may promote the practical application of Barium titanate (BT)-based ceramics
Summary
As the representative of piezoelectric material, barium titanate (BT)-based ceramics are widely used in electronic components due to their excellent electric properties, such as micro-capacitors, ferroelectric memory, etc. [1,2]. Among those options for sintering, MWS possesses the unique advantage of rapid sintering for materials at low temperature during the preparation process, which have been widely used to synthesize new materials [11,12] It can enhance the density of materials significantly, and improve the electrical properties. Compared with conventional solid sintering (CS), the phase structure of microwave sintering ceramics remains almost stable, and the samples present a smaller grain size and uniform grain distribution Another advantage of MWS is that it can significantly reduce temperature and time during the sintering process. For better comparison the effects of MWS and CS on the structure and properties, two sets of 0.82Ba(Ti0.89 Sn0.11 )O3 -(0.18-x)(Ba0.7 Ca0.3 )TiO3 xBiFeO3 (BTS-BCT-xBF) samples were prepared by MWS and CS, aiming to reveal the regulatory mechanism of MWS and CS on the structure and electrical properties of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, which may promote the practical application of BT-based ceramics
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