Abstract
The structural stability of hollow Cu2O and NiO nanoparticles, which were obtained via oxidation of Cu and Ni nanoparticles in air, was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Hollow Cu2O and NiO were observed to have shrunk at 473 and 623 K in annealing under 5.0×10-5 Pa, respectively, where the reduction reactions from oxides to metals started. As a result of shrinking associated with reduction, hollow oxides turned into solid metal nanoparticles after annealing at higher temperatures for a long time. On the other hand, hollow oxides shrunk and collapsed through annealing in air at high temperatures. It was found that shrinking of hollow oxides during annealing in air occurs at temperature where the diffusion coefficients of slower diffusing species reach around 10-22 m2s-1. We can conclude that hollow oxide nanoparticles tend to shrink and collapse at high temperatures because hollow structures with extra surface energy are energetically unstable.
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