Abstract
In recent decades, diseases of the digestive system that require immediate, both therapeutic and surgical treatment, have become widespread, and it is therefore a natural task to find new and optimize existing technologies and methods for correcting the above-mentioned nosologies. Preclinical studies of such developments are conducted exclusively on laboratory animals and knowledge of the morphological features of their structure for further comparison with the morphology of similar human organs is an urgent task of modern medical and biological science. The purpose of the study was to study the structural organization of the ileum of rabbits in comparative species and to obtain control data on its morphological features. Adequate research methods were used in the work according to the set goal, namely: histological, histochemical, electron microscopic, morphometric and statistical and biopsies of the ileum of 10 rabbits were studied. The correctness of the distribution of traits by each of the variations obtained, the average values for each trait studied, standard errors and standard deviations were evaluated. The significance of the difference of values between independent micrometric values in the normal distribution of features was determined by Student’s criterion. The paper describes the main structural components of the ileum of rabbits and compared with similar structures of the human ileum. The ileum of rabbits, as in humans, has been determined to have four membranes: mucous, submucosal, muscular and serous. The mucous membrane is constructed from the epithelial layer, which is located on the basement membrane and the muscular plate and contains cellular elements (exocrinocytes, enterocytes of various kinds, elements of the diffuse endocrine system associated with the mucous membrane, intraepithelial lymphocytes), blood and lymphatic vessels and nerve endings. The submucosa is composed of loose fibrous connective tissue, which contains collagen and reticular fibers, elements of diffuse lymphoid tissue, blood vessels, and nerve endings. The muscular and serous membranes are constructed in the same way as in the human ileum. Thus, after the study, it was determined that the morphological organization of the ileum of rabbits at the optical and electron microscopic levels has general patterns of structure similar to those in the ileum of the person.
Highlights
Digestive diseases are one of the most widespread in the territory of our country, but in the whole world
Among the cellular composition of villi in rabbits, as in humans, were columnar cells with a border, goblet exocrinocytes, cells of the diffuse endocrine system associated with the mucosa and intraepithelial lymphocytes
Among the cellular elements of the villi of the mucous membrane of the ileum of the rabbits were columnar enterocytes with a border of their percentage of the total number of cellular elements of the villi was 88.34 %, which is related to their main function
Summary
Digestive diseases are one of the most widespread in the territory of our country, but in the whole world. Data are available on the morphological features of the structure of both the middle section of the digestive tube as a whole and its individual parts [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] These studies relate to the morphology of the rat digestive tube, and the structural features of the rabbit ileum have not been studied. The urgency of studying this issue is due to the fact that rabbits are used as laboratory animals in the development of tactics for surgical treatment of diseases of the small intestine, which is related to the linear dimensions of the latter. Based on the above study of morphology of the ileum of rabbits is a normal medical and biological task, and the data obtained will serve as reference indicators in the course of a series of experimental developments
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