Abstract
To explore the differences in mitogenome variation and phylogenetics among lineages of the Hemiptera superfamily Fulgoroidea, we sequenced four new mitogenomes of Caliscelidae: two species of the genus Bambusicaliscelis (Caliscelinae: Caliscelini), namely Bambusicaliscelis flavus and B. fanjingensis, and two species of the genus Youtuus (Ommatidiotinae: Augilini), namely Youtuus strigatus and Y. erythrus. The four mitogenomes were 15,922–16,640 bp (base pair) in length, with 37 mitochondrial genes and an AT-rich region. Gene content and arrangement were similar to those of most other sequenced hexapod mitogenomes. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) started with a canonical ATN or GTG and ended with TAA or an incomplete stop codon single T. Except for two transfer RNAs (tRNAs; trnS1 and trnV) lacking a dihydrouridine arm in the four species and trnC lacking a dihydrouridine stem in the Youtuus species, the remaining tRNAs could fold into canonical cloverleaf secondary structures. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data of 13 PCGs in the 28 Fulgoroidea species and two outgroups revealed that Delphacidae was monophyletic with strong support. Our data suggest that Fulgoridae is more ancient than Achilidae. Furthermore, Flatidae, Issidae, and Ricaniidae always cluster to form a sister group to Caliscelidae.
Highlights
Caliscelidae is a relatively small family within the large and diverse planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea that comprises approximately 240 described species from 77 genera divided into five tribes (Caliscelini, Peltonotellini, Adenissini, Ommatidiotini, and Augilini) and two subfamilies (Ommatidiotinae and Caliscelinae) [1,2]
Specimens of Y. strigatus, Y. erythrus, and B. fanjingensis were collected from Guizhou Province in July 2018, and those of B. flavus were collected from Yunnan Province in August 2018
The mean AT nucleotide content of the four mitogenomes was similar: 79.5% in B. flavus, 80.4% in B. fanjingensis, 79.8% in Y. strigatus, and 79.7% in Y. erythrus; these results indicate considerable AT bias
Summary
Caliscelidae is a relatively small family within the large and diverse planthopper superfamily Fulgoroidea that comprises approximately 240 described species from 77 genera divided into five tribes (Caliscelini, Peltonotellini, Adenissini, Ommatidiotini, and Augilini) and two subfamilies (Ommatidiotinae and Caliscelinae) [1,2]. The genus Youtuus was established by Gong and Chen (2018) [4] and belongs to the tribe Augilini of the subfamily Ommatidiotinae These two genera are restrictively distributed in southern China and primarily inhabit bamboo. They directly injure bamboo using their sucking and piercing mouthparts and indirectly damage bamboo by transmitting plant pathogens; this severely hampers bamboo production
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