Abstract
A solid solution of bismuth cobalt titanate [Bi(Co0.5Ti0.5)O3] and bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) with a composition Bi(Co0.40Ti0.40Fe0.20)O3 (abbreviated as BCTF80/20) was synthesized via a cost effective solid-state technique. Phase identification and basic structural symmetry of the samples were determined by analyzing powder X-ray diffraction data. Field emission scanning electron micrograph (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra were analyzed to evaluate the micro-structural aspects (shape and size, distribution of grains) as well as a quantitative evaluation of the sample. The average crystallite (particle) and grain size were found to be ∼30 nm and ∼1–2 micron, respectively. The electrical parameters (dielectric constant, tangent loss, impedance, modulus, and conductivity) of as-synthesized material were obtained in a temperature range of 300 to 773 K and frequency range of 1 kHz and 1000 kHz. The strong correlation of microstructure (i.e., grains, grain boundary, etc.) and electrical parameters of this material were observed. The frequency dependence of electrical impedance and modulus exhibited a deviation from an ideal Debye-like relaxation process. The dependence of dielectric relaxation mechanism on frequency and temperature is discussed in detail. The field dependent polarization (P–E hysteresis loop) of BCTF80/20 exhibited an enhanced value of remnant polarization as compared to that of BiFeO3 (referred as BFO). At room temperature (300 K), the magnetic hysteresis loop measurements also showed a significant improvement in the magnetization of BCTF80/20. Thus, based on these enhanced values of remnant polarization and magnetic parameters, we can assume that BCTF80/20 may be considered as a promising candidate for some new generations of electronic devices.
Highlights
Current research activities on lead-free based multiferroic systems have attracted much attention over the last few decades for the development of generation electronic materials for devices such as transducers, magneto-electric sensors, memories with high storage capacity, and so on.[1,2,3] Current convention employing the term ‘multiferroic’ has been formally de ned as materials that combine more than one ferroic order parameters, namely ferroelectric, ferromagnetic/ferroelastic, simultaneously in a similar phase.[4]
In view of the importance of materials in the multiferroic family, we carried out a systematic study of the effects of frequency and temperature on dielectric, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of a lead-free solid solution with the composition Bi(Co0.40Ti0.40Fe0.20)O3; which are reported in this paper
The dielectric and electrical measurements of sintered pellets were carried out with a silver electrode and annealed at 430 K for two hours to eliminate any moisture from them. These measurements were performed and recorded at same heating rate of 1 C at a continuous rate of 5 to 25 K, respectively. Using both a vibrating sample magnetometer (M/S Lake Shore VSM-7410) and a hysteresis loop Analyzer (Radiant Precision Premier II P–E loop), the multiferroic properties of the samples were recorded at 300 K
Summary
Paper we tried to deliver a general doping perspective and assess its impact on material functionality. Single or multiple doping of tetravalent nonmagnetic ions, such as different compositions of Co/Ti into BFO, shows further enhancement of electrical and multiferroic properties.[12]. Research on the bismuth ferrite system shows some inherent problems, including high leakage current density and structural instability, which strongly affect the capacitive, resistive, and ferroelectric properties of the material. To solve the leakage current density and other related problems, several new research approaches have been tried, such as synthesis of a pure-phase system by substituting suitable ions/elements at different sites and fabricating solid solutions or composites. In view of the importance of materials in the multiferroic family, we carried out a systematic study of the effects of frequency and temperature on dielectric, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of a lead-free solid solution with the composition Bi(Co0.40Ti0.40Fe0.20)O3; (herea er BCTF80/20) which are reported in this paper
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