Abstract
In this work, the multiferroic bismuth ferrite materials Bi0.9RE0.1FeO3 doped by rare-earth (RE = La, Eu, and Er) elements were obtained by the solution combustion synthesis. Structure, electrical, and magnetic properties of prepared samples were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, electrical hysteresis measurement, broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetometry. All obtained nanomaterials are characterized by spontaneous electrical polarization, which confirmed their ferroelectric properties. Investigation of magnetic properties at 300.0 K and 2.0 K showed that all investigated Bi0.9RE0.1FeO3 ferrites possess significantly higher magnetization in comparison to bismuth ferrites obtained by different methods. The highest saturation magnetisation of 5.161 emu/g at 300.0 K was observed for the BLaFO sample, while at 2.0 K it was 12.07 emu/g for the BErFO sample. Several possible reasons for these phenomena were proposed and discussed.
Highlights
In this work, the multiferroic bismuth ferrite materials Bi0.9RE0.1FeO3 doped by rare-earth (RE = La, Eu, and Er) elements were obtained by the solution combustion synthesis
The present study evaluates the effect of a high-load (10%) La, Er, and Eu doping on the crystallographic structure, magnetic and electrical properties of co-doped B iFeO3 nanoparticles obtained by the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method
A detailed description of the synthesis procedure, analysis of crystalline phases, and morphology of bismuth ferrite doped with lanthanum, europium, or erbium are presented in our previous work[36]
Summary
Bismuth ferrite B iFeO3 is a multiferroic that belongs to the group of materials with a perovskite-type A BO3 crystal structure. Such crystal structure is formed through a network of corner-linked oxygen octahedra. The oxygen octahedra are tightened in order to fit into the reduced cell This leads to the rotation of oxygen octahedra in BiFeO3 around the polar [111] axis by the angle of 11–14° and directly affects the value of the Fe–O–Fe bond angle[3]. Other important features of the B iFeO3 phase are related to its magnetic structure It adopts a G-type antiferromagnetic ordering, i.e. each F e3+ spin is surrounded by six antiparallel spins of the closest Fe n eighbours[4]. The existence of canting creates a long-range arrangement of a spin-cycloid
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