Structural changes in chloroplast genome accompanying albinism in anther culture of wheat and triticale

Abstract

The occurrence frequency of structural changes in plastid genome of albino plants from 27 genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. and × Triticosecale Witt. produced by anther culture method was studied. PCR analysis of genome rearrangements in plastids of albino plants has revealed similarity of plasmon changes in the given cereal crops and shown that a number of genes related to photosynthesis exposed to changes in plastid genomes studied. atpB gene, encoding β-subunit of CF1-complex of ATP synthase, was not detected with a high frequency in chlorophyll-deficient plants of wheat and triticale. It is supposed that deletions of photosynthetic genes, especially atpB gene, which take place in evolutionary unstable regions of chloroplast genome with a high frequency, are the major cause of albino plants formation in anther culture of cereals. Genes psbA, psbC, psbD of the photosystem II are amplified practically in all the studied plants of wheat and triticale that verifies the earlier obtained information about conservation of the region including the given genes within the limits of a large singlecopy region of chloroplast DNA.