STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF FRENCH PROVERBS WITH THE CONCEPT OF “PAIN”

Abstract

Background. In the case of a person speaking foreign language the proverb acts not only as an argument of their own statement but also as a mean of saving language. Therefore, the statement becomes more vivid, meaningful when using fewer words. Since “pain” is one of the basic proverbial concepts of the French language, such proverbs have become the object of the study.
 Purpose. The article deals with the proverbs with the concept “pain” in grammatical and syntactic structure as well as their semantic meaning.
 Materials and methods. The actual material for the study was open electronic publications. Analyzing the material, the author of the article used the method of continuous sampling, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis.
 Results. The results of the analysis showed that there was an uncharacteristic word order in the proverbs with “pain”. The studied proverbs revealed both complex sentences, the dependent part of which most often begins with si, quand, qui, and simple ones, among which a fairly large number of constructions are averbal. Not a single case of the use of interrogative constructions was revealed. Among the motivational verbs, the most frequent were verbs in the imperative mood, the phrase Il faut, Subjonctif.
 There were cases of absence of the article, parallelism, anaphora, especially in the preposition, as well as oppositions.
 The high variability of the studied proverbs (up to 30 variants) is revealed, expressed in the use of various lexical means while preserving the general meaning.
 The plurality nature of proverbs is noted, since most of them have both literal and figurative meanings.
 Practical implications. The results of the study can be used to improve the linguistic and cultural competence of students.