Structural and opto-electrical characterization of sodium -2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-1,4-benzo-quinone (Na-DDQ) as complex thin films

Abstract

In this study, sodium -2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichloro-1,4-benzo-quinone (Na-DDQ) as-deposited thin films were synthesized by the conventional thermal evaporation facility. The crystal structure of (Na-DDQ) compound in the form of powder and thin film were inspected using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) techniques. Subsequently, the lattice parameters and Miller's indices, hkl, were calculated for all individual peaks in the XRD pattern of the fine powder form and suggests a polycrystalline with Orthorhombic structure. The optical properties of the as-deposited thin films were inspected by measuring the reflectance and transmittance in the wavelength range between 200–2500 nm using spectrophotometric. The estimated spectral of refractive index, n, and absorption index, k, were used to extract the spectra of dielectric constant, surface and volume energy loss functions, optical conductivity, relaxation time along with optical electronegativity.Furthermore, in the normal dispersion region, the optical parameters such as oscillator energy, Eo, dispersion energy, Ed, lattice dielectric constant, εL, infinity dielectric constant, ε∞, and the ratio of the free charge carrier concentration of the effective mass, N/m* were estimated. Moreover, the Drude theory applied to extract Opto-electrical parameters, such as the concentration of optical carrier, optical mobility, and optical resistivity. Finally, the electronic transitions of as-deposited thin film and the extinction molar coefficient, εmolar, oscillator strength and the electric dipole strength were calculated for the films.