Abstract
ABSTRACTNanosized manganese oxides are considered among the most promising materials for energy storage devices and cancer theranostic applications. Their properties can be significantly influenced by their structural, morphological, and oxidation characteristics at the nanoscale. In this work, Mn oxide‐C nanocomposites (in the range of 10 nm) are synthesized using a green route. Olive leaf extract is used as an organic medium, reducing agent, and carbon source. The prepared nanopowders are then calcined at various temperatures within the typical range for Mn oxides (from 200°C to 1000°C). Phase transitions, as well as structural and morphological properties, are studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), ex situ x‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The oxidation state of Mn ions is analyzed across this temperature range using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which is also used to study the carbon film on the Mn oxide surface. This carbon film is further studied using EDS‐TEM mapping. Many phase transformations are observed during heating from room temperature to 1000°C. At 1000°C, particles reduce in size to 9.5 nm and regain a spherical shape, reflecting the formation of Mn₃O₄ alongside Mn₂O₃. XPS reveals significant changes in the oxidation states of manganese and the carbon environments in the nanoparticles.
Published Version
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