Abstract
β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is one of the most common bioceramics, widely applied in bone cements and implants. Herein we synthesized β-TCP by solid state reaction in the presence of increasing amounts of two biologically active ions, namely strontium and zinc, in order to clarify the structural modifications induced by ionic substitution. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis indicate that zinc can substitute for calcium into a β-TCP structure up to about 10 at% inducing a reduction of the cell parameters, whereas the substitution occurs up to about 80 at% in the case of strontium, which provokes a linear increase of the lattice constants, and a slight modification into a more symmetric structure. Rietveld refinements and solid-state 31P NMR spectra demonstrate that the octahedral Ca(5) is the site of β-TCP preferred by the small zinc ion. ATR-FTIR results indicate that zinc substitution provokes a disorder of β-TCP structure. At variance with the behavior of zinc, strontium completely avoids Ca(5) site even at high concentration, whereas it exhibits a clear preference for Ca(4) site. The infrared absorption bands of β-TCP show a general shift towards lower wavenumbers on increasing strontium content. Particularly significant is the shift of the infrared symmetric stretching band at 943 cm−1 due to P(1), that is the phosphate more involved in Ca(4) coordination, which further supports the occupancy preference of strontium.
Highlights
Abstract: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is one of the most common bioceramics, widely applied in bone cements and implants
Introduction β-tricalcium phosphate, β-Ca3 (PO4 )2 (β-TCP) is the stable polymorph of tricalcium phosphate at temperatures lower than 1125 ◦ C. It undergoes a thermal transition into the α form [1]. β-TCP is synthesized by solid state reaction at high temperature, alternatively it can be prepared by thermal transition of other calcium phosphates
B-TCP samples were prepared at increasing contents of zinc or strontium
Summary
Abstract: β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) is one of the most common bioceramics, widely applied in bone cements and implants. We synthesized β-TCP by solid state reaction in the presence of increasing amounts of two biologically active ions, namely strontium and zinc, in order to clarify the structural modifications induced by ionic substitution. Β-TCP is synthesized by solid state reaction at high temperature, alternatively it can be prepared by thermal transition of other calcium phosphates. This phase is not present in physiologically calcified biological tissues, it has been found in pathological calcifications and it can be obtained as a product of thermal conversion of the poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA), which constitutes the inorganic phase of bone [2]. With cations [9,10,11,12,13,14].positions, Calcium with ions in occupy five different exhibits an approximately octahedral coordination, site is only half occupied and exhibits
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