Abstract
Conventional beamforming (CBF) based on plane waves is widely used for direction finding with a horizontal array deployed in ocean waveguides. However, CBF suffers from loss of spatial coherence due to the inhomogeneous field produced by constructive and destructive interference between multipath arrivals. Moreover, the grazing angle propagation leads to a bias in the estimated bearing. In this work, we revisit the striation-based beamforming (SBF) that exploits the waveguide invariant representing the complex wave propagation [Zurk and Rouseff, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 132, EL264 (2012)]. Our approach involves a preliminary processing to restore the spatial coherence across the horizontal array, followed by CBF. Experimental results illustrate the performance improvement of SBF over CBF in terms of array gain, resolution, and bias.
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