Stretch flangeability of AHSS automotive grades versus cutting tool clearance, wear, angle and radial strain gradients

Abstract

Stretch flangeability tests are performed on cold rolled AHSS automotive steel grades for crack sensitivity evaluation. The ISO16630 tests procedure is used with different cutting edge conditions including cutting clearance, cutting tool wear, cutting tool angle and hole expansion punch tool geometry. Among all influence parameters, the cutting clearance is considered to be the most critical to control. Low (<10%) and high (>20%) clearances are significantly detrimental to hole expansion ratio (HER). An optimum in HER is reached around 15% clearance. Both cutting punch wear and cutting die wear each affect negatively the HER values in comparison to new sharp cutting tools. Varying the cutting angle with concave and convex hole punching tool geometries instead of orthogonal cutting has a rather negative effect on stretch flangeability due to irregular cut edge quality along hole perimeter and excessive tool wear in the concave configuration. The influence of hole expansion punch geometry (flat R25, biaxial Nakajima R25 vs. ISO16630 60° conical) on the HER values is also investigated. The (true) HER values are proportional to the FE simulated logarithmic radial strain gradient at fracture.