Abstract
Strain glass (STG) in Ni-rich binary Ti-Ni possesses an $R$-like (rhombohedral) local strain order, but it transforms into $B$19' martensite under stress. It remains a puzzle why the local strain order in STG yields a different long-range strain order. Here, we systematically investigated a ternary Ti${}_{50}$Ni${}_{44.5}$Fe${}_{5.5}$ STG, which exhibited the same STG features as the binary STG, and the local strain order is also an $R$-like one. Different from the binary STG, under stress this ternary STG transforms into a normal R phase rather than $B$19'. By considering that both systems have bi-instability with respect to both $R$ and $B$19' martensites in the schematic free-energy landscape, we provide a unified explanation for the different products of the stress-induced STG to martensite (STG-M) transition between a Ti-Ni binary system and the present ternary system. We show that the differences stem from the competing thermodynamic stability between $R$-phase and $B$19' martensites.
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