Abstract
The effects of frequency f, field amplitude E0, and mechanical stress σ on the hysteresis area ⟨A⟩ and their scaling relations were investigated on soft PZT bulk ceramics. The hysteresis area was found to depend on the frequency and field amplitude with a same set of exponents to the power-law scaling for both with and without stresses, indicating the universality. The inclusion of stresses into the power law was also obtained in the form of ⟨A−Aσ=0⟩∝f−0.25E0σ0.44, which indicates the difference of the energy dissipation between the under stress and stress-free conditions and reveals how the hysteresis area decays with increasing stresses.
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