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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.023
Copy DOIJournal: Biological Psychiatry | Publication Date: Oct 1, 2024 |
License type: cc-by-nc-nd |
Exposure to stressful life events is associated with a high risk of developing psychiatric disorders with a wide variety of symptoms. Cognitive symptoms in stress-related psychiatric disorders can be particularly challenging to understand, both for those experiencing them and for health care providers. To gain insights, it is important to capture stress-induced structural, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes in relevant brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, locus coeruleus, and prefrontal cortex that result in long-lasting alterations in brain function. In this review, we will emphasize a subset of stress molecular mechanisms that alter neuroplasticity, neurogenesis, and balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Then, we discuss how to identify genetic risk factors that may accelerate stress-driven or stress-induced cognitive impairment. Despite the development of new technologies such as single-cell resolution sequencing, our understanding of the molecular effects of stress in the brain remains to be deepened. A better understanding of the diversity of stress effects in different brain regions and cell types is a prerequisite to open new avenues for mechanism-informed prevention and treatment of stress-related cognitive symptoms.
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