Stress-Based Model for Lifetime Estimation of Bond Wire Contacts Using Power Cycling Tests and Finite-Element Modeling

Abstract

In this paper, a lifetime model for bond wire contacts of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) power modules is reported. This model is based on power cycling tests obtained under accelerated conditions, and a finite-element model taking into account the electrical, thermal, and mechanical coupling. It allows us to estimate the bond wire lifetime for a large scale of junction temperature swing amplitudes (ΔT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) and stress durations (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ). To build it, a numerical design of experiment was performed in both high and low stress values (ΔT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ). Then, a strain-life curve has been constructed where the average strain values on a defined volume around the contact areas between top-metallization and the most exposed bond wires to fatigue and liftoff have been used. As a result, it has been shown that the total strain is linearly dependent with ΔT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> and power law dependent with t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> . The combination of the strain-life relation and the strain dependency with stress parameters leads to the lifetime relationship. The obtained lifetime model has been satisfactorily validated with some additional experimental points obtained from literature and with a large range of values for t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> . This methodology can be easily replicated to other structures and is quite generic.