Stress analysis with a magnetic anisotropy sensor and its application: 37160 Yamada, H.; Kishimoto, S.; Itoh, M.; Takenaka, Y. 11th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Las Vegas, Nevada (United States), 3–8 Nov. 1985. Vol. 1, pp. 607–614. Taylor Publishing Co., Dallas (1985)

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This chapter focuses on electrical measuring instruments and measurements. To detect electrical quantities, such as current, voltage, resistance or power, it is necessary to transform an electrical quantity or condition into a visible indication. This is done with the aid of instruments (or meters) that indicate the magnitude of quantities either by the position of a pointer moving over a graduated scale, known as an analog instrument, or in the form of a decimal number, known as a digital instrument. All analog electrical indicating instruments require three essential devices, namely, a deflecting or operating device, a controlling device, and a damping device. There is no difference between the basic instrument used to measure current and voltage as both uses a milli ammeter as their basic part. This is a sensitive instrument that gives FSD for currents of only a few milli amperes. When an ammeter is required to measure currents of larger magnitude, a proportion of the current is diverted through a low value resistance connected in parallel with the meter. Such a diverting resistance is called a shunt.