Abstract
Summary The effects of streptomycin on the fine structure of chloroplasts and mitochondria were studied in callus cultures of diploid tobacco, and with streptomycin resistant calliclones. Streptomycin has caused a reduction in the amount of thylakoids, prevented the formation of starch grains and lipid droplets in the plastids, caused the development of internal reticulum, and has changed the external shape of the plastids. Also, it brought about the swelling of cristae, and caused degeneration and sometimes elongation, of the mitochondria. These phenomena appear to be concentration related. At high concentrations of streptomycin, only reticulum and no thylakoids were observed within the plastids, and two types of mitochondria were also observed. One type appeared degenerated, while the other appeared functional, but with some swollen cristae. In some cases the plastids and the mitochondria appeared very similar, and the plastid reticulum resembled the cristae in the mitochondria. The streptomycin resistant calliclones exhibited their resistance only by their ability to form well defined grana, starch grains and lipid dropletes in the plastids of cells which were grown at high drug concentrations.
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