Abstract
Kilometre-scale thrusts affect the stratigraphic order of the sedimentary rocks that form the Khao Khwang Platform in central Thailand. The effect of these thrusts requires detailed analysis to unravel the original distribution of the sedimentary units and their associated facies. The Khao Khwang Platform comprises three carbonate-dominated units identified previously as the Phu Phe, Khao Khad and Khao Khwang Formations. These carbonates are intercalated with clastic, mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sequences: the Sap Bon, Pang Asok and Nong Pong Formations. The palaeogeography of the area prior to the Indosinian Orogeny is poorly known and has herein been investigated by combining structural reconstructions, microfacies and biostratigraphy in the Saraburi area. A stratigraphic model for the Yakhtashian–Midian carbonate platform palaeogeography using the well-developed exposed sections of the Khao Khwang Platform, located in the Saraburi Province of Thailand, is presented. This has revealed the presence of several separate carbonate platforms dominated by four major Middle Permian facies (peritidal, platform interior, algal reef and basin slope), which are dated using foraminifera and algae. This model integrates recent structural studies and considers their impact on the present-day distribution of the facies in terms of platform development using biostratigraphy and detailed microfacies analysis. Supplementary material: Characteristic images of the six facies, high-resolution stratigraphic logs, a timescale correlation chart and a table detailing the common fossils identified in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3861796.
Highlights
The Khao Khwang Platform is a late Pennsylvanian to Permian carbonate and mixed clastic sequence located in central Thailand (Figure 1)
The Khao Khwang Platform is interpreted to have formed in similar conditions to present-day carbonate platforms in clear, shallow, tropical waters of moderate salinity and little siliciclastic input (Bunopas 1992, Ueno and Charoentitirat 2011)
The Khao Khwang Platform was deformed during the Indosinian Orogeny, between the latest Permian and Lower Triassic, resulting in the Khao Khwang Fold-Thrust Belt (Helmcke 1985, Sone and Metcalfe 2008, Morley et al 2013)
Summary
The Khao Khwang Platform is a late Pennsylvanian to Permian carbonate and mixed clastic sequence located in central Thailand (Figure 1). It formed as an elongate carbonate platform along the edge of the Indochina Block The Khao Khwang Platform is interpreted to have formed in similar conditions to present-day carbonate platforms in clear, shallow, tropical waters of moderate salinity and little siliciclastic input (Bunopas 1992, Ueno and Charoentitirat 2011). The Khao Khwang Platform was deformed during the Indosinian Orogeny, between the latest Permian and Lower Triassic, resulting in the Khao Khwang Fold-Thrust Belt (Helmcke 1985, Sone and Metcalfe 2008, Morley et al 2013).
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