Stratification and Radiation of Heat in Hybrid Gold-Graphene/Ethylene Glycol Nanofluid Flows Past a Leaning Cylinder

Abstract

Hybrid gold-graphene/ethylene-glycol (EG) nanofluid past a permeable leaning cylinder is devoted in the current investigation under the effect of thermal radiation and stratification. The governing partial differential equations are reformulated into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by implementing similarity terms. A shooting approach is elected to reformulate the equations into a boundary value problem which is determined by applying a bvp4c code in MATLAB. The effects of selected parameters regarding the recent model on dimensionless velocity and temperature disseminations, reduced skin friction coefficient and reduced Nusselt number are analyzed and presented in graphs and tables. It is perceived that by rising the value of the thermal stratification and radiation parameter, the reduced Nusselt number for the preferred mono and hybrid nanofluids will be declined. The reduced Nusselt number is reported to be the highest value when considering hybrid gold (ϕ s1=0.02)-graphene (ϕ s2 = 0.04)/EG nanofluid.