Abstract
Nanofibers are considered versatile materials with remarkable potential in tissue engineering and regeneration. In addition to their extracellular matrix-mimicking properties, nanofibers can be functionalized with specific moieties (e.g., antimicrobial nanoparticles, ceramics, bioactive proteins, etc.) to improve their overall performance. A novel approach in this regard is the use of enzymes immobilized onto nanofibers to impart biocatalytic activity. These nanofibers are capable of carrying out the catalysis of various biological processes that are essential in the healing process of tissue. In this review, we emphasize the use of biocatalytic nanofibers in various tissue regeneration applications. Biocatalytic nanofibers can be used for wound edge or scar matrix digestion, which reduces the hindrance for cell migration and proliferation, hence displaying applications in fast tissue repair, e.g., spinal cord injury. These nanofibers have potential applications in bone regeneration, mediating osteogenic differentiation, biomineralization, and matrix formation through direct enzyme activity. Moreover, enzymes can be used to undertake efficient crosslinking and fabrication of nanofibers with better physicochemical properties and tissue regeneration potential.
Highlights
Nanofibers have attained a premier place in the field of tissue engineering and are the main focus of current regenerative medicine owing to their remarkable extracellular matrix-mimicking functional properties [1,2,3]
This review provides a comprehensive account of numerous strategies explored for improving the utilization of biocatalytic nanofibers in tissue engineering
We provide a comprehensive account of strategies adopted using enzyme-immobilized nanofibers for tissue engineering applications
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Inspired by the properties of these natural biocatalysts (i.e., enzymes), several studies have reported enzyme-immobilized nanofibers for improved tissue regeneration applications. These studies show that enzymeimmobilized biocatalytic nanofibers offer a novel approach for the repair and reconstruction of tissues. This review provides a comprehensive account of numerous strategies explored for improving the utilization of biocatalytic nanofibers in tissue engineering. In this perspective, here we discuss the applications of biocatalytic nanofibers in wound healing, ECM polymerization, artificial tissue fabrication, bone regeneration, etc. We provide a comprehensive account of strategies adopted using enzyme-immobilized nanofibers for tissue engineering applications
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