Abstract
The increasing penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in LV distribution networks can potentially cause voltage quality issues such as voltage unbalance and under-voltage conditions. According to the EV charger characteristics, some strategies can be adopted to mitigate the aforementioned effects. Smart decentralized charging controls seem to be a more practical solution than centralized controls, since there is no need for communication because they rely only on local measurements. The four most relevant decentralized charging strategies, two for single-phase and two for three-phase EV chargers, have been implemented in a typical three-phase four-wire European LV distribution network. Simulations have been carried out for scenarios with single-phase EV chargers, three-phase EV chargers, and a combination of both. Single-phase controls are aimed at under-voltage regulation, while three-phase controls are focused on mitigating voltage unbalance. Results show that the implementation of a decentralized EV charging control is an adequate solution for Distribution System Operators (DSOs) since it improves the reliability and security of the network. Moreover, even though decentralized charging control does not use any communication, the combination of three-phase and single-phase controls is able to mitigate voltage unbalance while preventing the under-voltage condition.
Highlights
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are, slowly but undoubtedly, becoming a real alternative to traditional combustion engine cars
The combined effect of both EVs and household loads highly contributes to the unbalanced operation of the network, which results in voltage quality concerns such as under-voltage conditions and voltage unbalance [4,5,6]
EVs’ increased penetration will have a great impact on Low-Voltage (LV) distribution networks, since it leads to power and voltage quality concerns
Summary
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are, slowly but undoubtedly, becoming a real alternative to traditional combustion engine cars. Together with an increased availability of charging infrastructure and certain benefits when accessing and parking in some urban areas in many cities, are decisive factors for the expected growth of electric vehicle market shares in the coming years [2,3]. Due to these predicted changes in transportation markets, the increase of EVs penetration in. The combined effect of both EVs and household loads highly contributes to the unbalanced operation of the network, which results in voltage quality concerns such as under-voltage conditions and voltage unbalance [4,5,6]
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