Abstract
Coal gasification and the production of gaseous fuels include three principal directions related to the production of fuel gas: 1) composition and heat capacity of the produced gas; 2) gas generator structures; 3) characteristic properties of the obtained alternative product - low CO content and gas toxicity, which allow making full use of this gas for domestic purposes. In industrial processes of coal conversion, the following combined technologies are used most often: - semi-coking + gasification of fixed ash (low-temperature coke); - semi-coking + hydrogenation of liquid product (tar); - gasification + synthesis of high molecular weight hydrocarbons from the produced SYN gas (СО+Н) (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis). The choice of the layout for obtaining SLF (synthetic liquid fuel) can be based on specific conditions, the cost and quality of coal, energy supply, market conditions. The products obtained in the process of gasification and hydrogenation of coals pollute the atmosphere much less than the coal burned in electrical power plants. When implementing the organizational and technological model of innovative production, the first stage includes the following combined approaches for the processing of mineral raw materials and new products: 1. processing of carbonic mineral raw materials: calcium carbide, carbon dioxide (in a gaseous, liquid or solid state); 2. acetylene, plant growth regulators (PGRs), plant protection products (TAKAR). The second stage includes fuel and non-fuel products: 1. synthetic ethyl alcohol (ethanol), antifreeze, ethylene glycol, dichloroethane, synthetic drying oils, acetone, etc .; 2. carbamide (urea), ammonia, nitrogen in gaseous and liquid states, methanol, gasoline, etc.
Highlights
Until the middle of the last century, coal resources were the basis of the world and Russian energy
The results of technological researches and economic and mathematical modeling of processes allow us to consider in more detail the configuration and parameters of the systems of restructuring and diversification of coal-mining energy and industrial enterprises, to agree and determine the operating modes of control subsystems and production organization, to predict the technological and economic performance of newly created and diversified production complexes
Similar physical and technological models are developed for the most part of products mentioned above and protected by certificates issued by authors [7,8,9]
Summary
Until the middle of the last century, coal resources were the basis of the world and Russian energy. To explore ways of overcoming the crisis situation by developing Far Eastern coal, oil and gas deposits on the basis of progressive methods of extraction and deep chemical processing of primary raw materials, as well as the introduction of a saving regime..." In this connection, it was necessary: 1) to develop physical and technical and economic and technological models of technologies and technical means for deep, integrated processing of coal and carbonate mineral raw materials; 2) to apply electrothermal and to develop plasma ecologically safe resource and energy saving technologies for processing of coal and carbonate mineral raw materials using several modules (subsystems) to produce competitive fuel and non-fuel products [1,2,3,4] The Strategy for the Development of Fuel and Energy Resources of the Far Eastern Economic Region until 2020 included the following tasks: "... to explore ways of overcoming the crisis situation by developing Far Eastern coal, oil and gas deposits on the basis of progressive methods of extraction and deep chemical processing of primary raw materials, as well as the introduction of a saving regime..." In this connection, it was necessary: 1) to develop physical and technical and economic and technological models of technologies and technical means for deep, integrated processing of coal and carbonate mineral raw materials; 2) to apply electrothermal and to develop plasma ecologically safe resource and energy saving technologies for processing of coal and carbonate mineral raw materials using several modules (subsystems) to produce competitive fuel and non-fuel products [1,2,3,4]
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