Abstract
This study examines the identity negotiation practices among ethnic Chinese in inter-ethnic relations in Madura, Indonesia. Even though ethnic Chinese have been living in Madura for quite a long time, they are still often considered as “strangers” by most of native Madurese. This study used qualitative data from literature review, field observations, and in-depth interviews with fifty informants of the ethnic Chinese who were born and lived in Madura. This study found that the practice of identity negotiation carried out by the ethnic Chinese in Madura includes several ways: using local language in daily conversation, changing their Chinese names into native Madurese names, practicing the Madurese indigenous cultural traditions in daily life, embracing Islam – the majority religion of the native Madurese – as their new religion, and marrying native Madurese men or women. The findings of this study corroborated prior studies that in unequal inter-ethnic relations, the ethnic minority often have to sacrifice themselves to be accepted by the ethnic majority. Moreover, ethnic minorities often have to negotiate identities, by hiding their master identity and highlighting other minor identities in order to be accepted and coexist with the ethnic majority.
Highlights
Indonesia is a country with thousands of ethnic groups
The findings of this study corroborated prior studies that in unequal inter-ethnic relations, the ethnic minority often have to sacrifice themselves to be accepted by the ethnic majority
In general, this study found that the practices of identity negotiation of ethnic Chinese in two regencies in Madura – Bangkalan Regency and Sumenep Regency – was carried out in various ways which included the using of local language in daily conversation, changing their Chinese names into native Madurese names, practicing the Madurese indigenous cultural traditions in daily life, embracing Islam – the majority religion of the native Madurese – as their new religion, and marrying native Madurese men or women
Summary
Indonesia is a country with thousands of ethnic groups. There are approximately 1300 ethnic groups in Indonesia (Arifin, Hasbullah, and Pramono 2016). Ethnic differences often become sources of horizontal conflict between different ethnic groups in Indonesia (Davidson 2003). Several ethnicidentity-based conflicts in Indonesia include the Ambon conflict, the Poso conflict, and the Sampit conflict (Davidson 2003; Hoon 2006; Setiono 2008). These conflicts are caused by the imbalance of economic, political, and cultural power relations, it must be recognized that the ethnic identity backgrounds seems to playing an important role for the many incidents of the inter-ethnic conflicts in Indonesia
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