Abstract
ABSTRACTS The paper tackles the issue of the changes in universities, induced by the internationalization of higher education at the turn of the Millennium and the ensuing national reforms that have spread all over the world. Using a meso-approach of the organization, governance and performance of universities, it suggests a typology based on the tensions they experiment between two regimes of worth – the traditional one that favors “reputation” as a social evaluation vs the new one, build around a metrics-based “excellence” assessment. It finally questions the most sensitive issues and challenges they face and how they behave depending on their strategic capacity to face their resources and constraints.
Highlights
Higher education and research, a rising issue in the worldHigher education (HE) was not high on public agendas until the late 20th century
In most countries where it was largely funded by public money, higher education competed for resources with other public sectors, such as justice, health, etc
Before reforms occurred at the turn of the Millennium, the academic profession was in control over the accomplishment of university missions
Summary
Higher education (HE) was not high on public agendas until the late 20th century. At the turn of the Millennium, the growth of the student population, as well as the rise of the so-called “knowledgebased societies”, have made it a priority issue, both in terms of public costs and outcomes. It led to question the university missions and performances. As research and innovation are not any more the privilege of former Northern advanced countries.
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