Storing and processing optical information with ultraslow light in Bose-Einstein condensates

Abstract

We theoretically explore coherent information transfer between ultra-slow light pulses and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and find that storing light pulses in BECs, by switching off the coupling field, allows the coherent condensate dynamics to process optical information. We develop a formalism, applicable in both the weak and strong probe regimes, to analyze such experiments and establish several new results. Investigating examples relevant to Rb-87 experimental parameters we see a variety of novel two-component BEC dynamics occur during the storage, including interference fringes, gentle breathing excitations, and two-component solitons. We find the dynamics when the levels |F=1, M_F=-1> and |F=2, M_F=+1> are well suited to designing controlled processing of the information. By switching the coupling field back on, the processed information is rewritten onto probe pulses which then propagate out as slow light pulses. We calculate the fidelity of information transfer between the atomic and light fields upon the switch-on and subsequent output. The fidelity is affected both by absorption of small length scale features and absorption of regions of the pulse stored near the condensate edge. In the strong probe case, we find that when the oscillator strengths for the two transitions are equal the fidelity is not strongly sensitive to the probe strength, while when they are unequal the fidelity is worse for stronger probes. Applications to distant communication between BECs, squeezed light generation and quantum information are anticipated.