Stochastic geometry and dynamics of infinitely many particle systems—random matrices and interacting Brownian motions in infinite dimensions

Abstract

We explain the general theories involved in solving an infinite-dimensional stochastic differential equation (ISDE) for interacting Brownian motions in infinite dimensions related to random matrices. Typical examples are the stochastic dynamics of infinite particle systems with logarithmic interaction potentials such as the sine, Airy, Bessel, and also for the Ginibre interacting Brownian motions. The first three are infinite-dimensional stochastic dynamics in one-dimensional space related to random matrices called Gaussian ensembles. They are the stationary distributions of interacting Brownian motions and given by the limit point processes of the distributions of eigenvalues of these random matrices. The sine, Airy, and Bessel point processes and interacting Brownian motions are thought to be geometrically and dynamically universal as the limits of bulk, soft edge, and hard edge scaling. The Ginibre point process is a rotation- and translation-invariant point process on R 2 \mathbb {R}^2 , and an equilibrium state of the Ginibre interacting Brownian motions. It is the bulk limit of the distributions of eigenvalues of non-Hermitian Gaussian random matrices. When the interacting Brownian motions constitute a one-dimensional system interacting with each other through the logarithmic potential with inverse temperature β = 2 \beta = 2 , an algebraic construction is known in which the stochastic dynamics are defined by the space-time correlation function. The approach based on the stochastic analysis (called the analytic approach) can be applied to an extremely wide class. If we apply the analytic approach to this system, we see that these two constructions give the same stochastic dynamics. From the algebraic construction, despite being an infinite interacting particle system, it is possible to represent and calculate various quantities such as moments by the correlation functions. We can thus obtain quantitative information. From the analytic construction, it is possible to represent the dynamics as a solution of an ISDE. We can obtain qualitative information such as semi-martingale properties, continuity, and non-collision properties of each particle, and the strong Markov property of the infinite particle system as a whole. Ginibre interacting Brownian motions constitute a two-dimensional infinite particle system related to non-Hermitian Gaussian random matrices. It has a logarithmic interaction potential with β = 2 \beta = 2 , but no algebraic configurations are known.The present result is the only construction.