Abstract
Although plant development is highly reproducible, some stochasticity exists. This developmental stochasticity may be caused by noisy gene expression. Here we analyze the fluctuation of protein expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the photoconvertible KikGR marker, we show that the protein expressions of individual cells fluctuate over time. A dual reporter system was used to study extrinsic and intrinsic noise of marker gene expression. We report that extrinsic noise is higher than intrinsic noise and that extrinsic noise in stomata is clearly lower in comparison to several other tissues/cell types. Finally, we show that cells are coupled with respect to stochastic protein expression in young leaves, hypocotyls and roots but not in mature leaves. Our data indicate that stochasticity of gene expression can vary between tissues/cell types and that it can be coupled in a non-cell-autonomous manner.
Highlights
Plant development is highly reproducible, some stochasticity exists
In this work we analyze the noisiness of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana with emphasis on two questions: First, is intrinsic and extrinsic noise different in different tissues or cell types? It might be expected that stochasticity changes during cell differentiation or endoreduplication
As reported before in bacteria, yeast and animals we report in this manuscript fluctuations of gene expression in 3 h time intervals
Summary
Plant development is highly reproducible, some stochasticity exists. This developmental stochasticity may be caused by noisy gene expression. We report that extrinsic noise is higher than intrinsic noise and that extrinsic noise in stomata is clearly lower in comparison to several other tissues/cell types. Plant development is governed by regulatory mechanisms that lead to the formation of specialized cell types and tissues in a well-organized manner. In this work we analyze the noisiness of gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana with emphasis on two questions: First, is intrinsic and extrinsic noise different in different tissues or cell types? Endoreduplication leads to higher copy numbers of genomes, which could balance the fluctuation of individual gene copies and a reduction of intrinsic noise. We show that extrinsic noise is higher than intrinsic noise and that extrinsic noise in stomata is lower than in other tissues/cell types. Our spatial analysis of stochastic gene expression revealed coupling between cells in some but not all tissues
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