Abstract
At very small scales, thermodynamic energy exchanges like work and heat become comparable to the thermal energy of the system, which leads to unusual phenomena like the transient violations of the second law. We explore the generic characters of such systems using the framework of stochastic thermodynamics and provide a preliminary overview of the basic concepts. Here, we have attempted to put into simple terms some actively pursued topics like the arrow of time, effect of information gain on second law, explanation of the origin of life using Crooks theorem, and the thermodynamic uncertainty relations.
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