Abstract
Stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles in regulated drug delivery for cancer Stimuli-responsive drug delivery system is a concept in which a drug is delivered at a suitable rate in response to stimuli. States of diseases may cause an alteration in some parameters of the body (e.g. in tumors) and the onset and offset of the drug delivery can be done by using this as a stimuli or a "trigger". Stimuli-responsive ("intellectual" or "sharp") resources and molecules show abrupt property changes in response to miniature changes in external stimuli such as pH, temperature etc. For regulated drug delivery, environmental stimuli such as pH and temperature, which undertake phase transition in polymer system, have been investigated. Thermally-responsive polymers can be tuned to a preferred temperature variety by copolymerization with a hydrophilic co-monomer or a hydrophobic co-monomer. Hydrophilic co-monomers increase the LCST while hydrophobic co-monomers decrease the LCST. The stimuli responsive polymer for regulated drug delivery can contain a polymer and copolymers having equilibrium of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. A number of these polymers have been investigated extensively and some success in drug delivery with them has been achieved, such as polymers and copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide, PLGA, and PLA, HEMA etc. Thus this review is designed for stimuli pH and temperature responsive polymeric nanoparticles, which would be helpful to treat various cronic diseases such as cancer and others, for scientists in the field of the regulated drug delivery system.
Highlights
Nanotechnology and nanoengineering have been proved a revolutionary quest to develop and modify almost everything we do, with atomic precision
PH- sensitive polymeric micelles contain mixture of poly (L-histidine)-poly block copolymer and an amphiphilic block copolymer[64,65]. These types of polymeric micelles are prolonged in the blood, but release the drug carried in such micelles upon reaching the acidic state, e.g. environment of the solid tumors for curing cancer
A lot of stimuli responsive polymeric systems are being used in clinical treatment having their commercial production and many are in channel
Summary
Nanotechnology and nanoengineering have been proved a revolutionary quest to develop and modify almost everything we do, with atomic precision. Scientists have identified the particular use of nanoparticles as catalysts[1], photocatalysts, adsorbents, sensors[2], and ferrofluids They can be used in optical, electronic, and magnetic devices due to the properties of their materials, and formulation of a different type of stimuli responsive polymers for controlled drug delivery in various diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, filarial, viral infections, bacterial infections etc. Smart polymers are of different types based on external stimulus which they respond to (i.e. temperature, pH, solvent, magnetic field, ions, and pressure)[21] The development of such type of stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for regulated drug delivery systems has gained attention over the past few years. This interest has been glimmered by the reward which comprises effortlessness of applications. Stimuli responsive co-polymers such as PNIPAm/MAA nanoparticles act as responsive nano valves which give appearance like channels in response to changes in external stimuli like temperature and pH [Fig 1.]
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