STIGMATIC RECEPTIVITY AND POLLEN VIABILITY OF Theobroma subincanum Mart.:FRUIT SPECIES FROM THE AMAZON REGION

Maicon Douglas Arenas-De-Souza,Greiciele Farias Da Silveira,Sérgio Alessandro Machado Souza,Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi,Tatiane Lemos Varella

doi:10.1590/0100-29452016757

Maicon Douglas Arenas-De-Souza, Greiciele Farias Da Silveira + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452016757

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Theobroma subincanum (cupuí) is a fruit species native to the Amazon region. Fruits are enjoyed by local people and consumed both as fresh fruit such as juice, nectar or soft drinks. Reproductive biology studies provide contributions to conservation strategies and plant improvement. The present study aimed to analyze the stigmatic receptivity and pollen viability of T. subincanum. This study was developed in a forest fragment located in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. In the flowering period, flower buds or flowers were collected in seven different times, as follows: 10 pm, 02 am, 06 am, 10 am, 2 pm, 6 pm, and 10 pm. Pollen viability was estimated by reactive Alexander (1969) and stigmatic receptivity using 3% hydrogen peroxide. Pollen viability averages were submitted to analysis of variance, while stigmatic receptivity was analyzed by average percentage in each interval. Four floral stages were characterized based on flower opening, and from 6 am, fully opened flowers have already been found (stage IV). The percentage of pollen viability was not affected by collection times. In the stigmatic receptivity analysis, it was observed that in all floral stages, stigma was receptive; however, the highest percentages of stigmatic receptivity were found from 2 am to 10 am of the same day, which is the most propitious time for fertilization. Pollen collection of T. subincanum may be performed in any of schedules evaluated in this study, since it is held with high viability percentage.

Highlights

The Amazon is considered one of the regions suitable for fruit production, with a large variety of native plants (MACHADO and RETTO JUNIOR, 1991)
Stage I (Figure 1A) was found in plants at 10 pm, flower buds beginning anthesis were found at 2 am, featuring stage II (Figures 1B, 1C, 1D) and stages III (Figure 1E) and IV (Figure 1F) were observed in the study population from 6 am
Anthesis in T. subincanum was more frequent in periods of 2 am and 6 am

Summary

Introduction

The Amazon is considered one of the regions suitable for fruit production, with a large variety of native plants (MACHADO and RETTO JUNIOR, 1991). Among the various Amazonian fruit species, there are some of the genus Theobroma such as T. cacao L., T. obovatum Bern., T. speciosum (L.) Willd, T. grandiflorum Theobroma subincanum, popularly known by cupuí, is a fruit species spread from the state of Para to Amazonian areas of the neighboring countries of northern Brazil. While having less economic importance than those of Theobroma cacao (cocoa) and Theobroma grandiflorum (cupuaçu), are appreciated by the local population and consumed both fresh as in the form of juice, nectar or soft drinks (Cavalcante, 2010). Flowers have cup with yellow-ferruginous, thick-fleshy sepals and reflexed at anthesis; corolla with petals formed by two distinct regions, cogules and ligules. Ligules have dark red color, serving to attract pollinators and cogules are yellow and form a concave chamber where the androecium is located

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