Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence in three floral development stages in F3 population of ornamental pepper (Capsicum annuum). A total of 162 plants (81 of purple corolla and 81 of white corolla) were used in this study. To analyze the stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence, three floral stages were analyzed: bud, pre-anthesis, and open flower. For each stage, 33 flowers of each phenotypic class were collected. The receptivity of the stigma was detected by dripping hydrogen peroxide solution (3%). For the evaluation of the level of receptivity, scores of 0 to 3 were assigned, varying according to the bubbles percentage found on the stigmatic surface. Scores of 1 to 5 were assigned for the reference of the amount of pollen released by the stamens. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (p≤0.05) following a 2x3 factorial scheme: two classes of flower colors and three development stages, with 33 replicates (flowers) with later separation of means by Tukey’s test at the same probability level. For the analysis of divergence, the data were clustered according to Tocher’s method based on generalized Mahalanobis distance. Despite the not significant differences between the means for pollen dehiscence of both flower colors, the purple flowers presented higher stigma receptivity than the white ones. The ornamental pepper flowers displayed stigma receptivity since the bud phase, but the highest level of receptivity was observed after anthesis. Anther dehiscence prevailed after anthesis of the flowers regardless of color, and the presence of pollen grains was superior after anthesis. For the manual crossing, the buds at pre-anthesis phase are the most indicated irrespective of the color, as they show high stigma receptivity and greater ease at handling.
Highlights
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a receptividade estigmática e a deiscência das anteras em três estádios de desenvolvimento floral, em uma geração F3 de pimenteiras ornamentais (Capsicum annuum)
The study was conducted on the experimental field of the Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal do Centro de Ciências Agrárias (CCA) at Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), located in the city of Areia-PB, Brazil (6°58’S, 35°41’W, 618 m altitude)
F3 genotypes, 162 individual plants, of ornamental pepper were sown in trays with 200cell capacity and after having six true leaves they were transplanted to the field
Summary
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a receptividade estigmática e a deiscência das anteras em três estádios de desenvolvimento floral, em uma geração F3 de pimenteiras ornamentais (Capsicum annuum). Para estudar a receptividade dos estigmas e a deiscência das anteras foram considerados três estádios florais: botão, pré-antese e flor aberta. Após a análise dos dados observou-se que as cores da flor, não diferiram estatisticamente, para a presença da deiscência das anteras, entretanto, as flores de cor roxa apresentaram maior receptividade no estigma. Not every pepper cultivar adapts to cultivation in a pot, with variations present even within the same species Those which show reduced plant size and harmony in the pot can be grown and marketed as ornamental plants. To perform crossing with good fruit set, it is essential to understand the reproductive biology of the plant Among these aspects are the pollen viability and stigma receptivity, because success in artificial crossings requires viable pollen and a receptive stigma at the moment of crossing (Antonio, 2004). In controlled crossings, knowing the floral stage that the stigma is receptive, may determine the success or failure of artificial pollination
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