Abstract
Two men buried in the same grave in the predynastic burial ground of Adaima (Upper Egypt, around 3400 B.C. evince thoracic anomalies. One man had a bifid rib and the other a sternal perforation. Amplification and sequencing of mitochondrial DNA suggested they were maternally related. In the light of these findings, we therefore sought the genetic determinism of these characteristics; they may be minor developmental anomalies arising from a similar genetic determinism with epigenic control of development. This hypothesis raises a number of implications for anthropobiological study.
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