Abstract
Stereotaxically Constructed Graphene/nano Lead (SCG-Pb) composites are synthesized by the electrodeposition method to enhance the high-rate (1 C rate) battery cycle performance of lead-acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicles. When the SCG-Pb addition ratio is 1.0%, the initial discharge capacity of the battery reaches the maximum (185.61 mAh g−1, 0.1C rate), which is improved by 23 % compared with the control battery (without carbon). The battery still maintains 73 % of the initial discharge specific capacity after 120 cycles at 1 C rate. Compared with the control battery, the cycle performance at 1 C rate is considerably improved. Comparing SCG-Pb with the other two carbon materials (SCG, ACET), we find that SCG-Pb battery shows the highest initial discharge capacity and the longest cycle life under the 1 C rate condition. The SCG-Pb has good conductivity, rich pore structure and excellent dispersion in negative electrode active material (NAM), SCG-Pb can construct an efficient conductive network in NAM. This is conducive to the ion exchange between the negative active substance and the electrolyte, accelerates the dynamic process of the negative electrode, effectively, inhibits the irreversible sulfation of the negative electrode, hence improving the battery capacity and cycle life.
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