Abstract
The domestic canine (canis familiaris) is a growing novel model for human neuroscientific research. Unlike rodents and primates, they demonstrate unique convergent sociocognitive skills with humans, are highly trainable and able to undergo non-invasive experimental procedures without restraint, including fMRI. In addition, the gyrencephalic structure of the canine brain is more similar to that of human than rodent models. The increasing use of dogs for non-invasive neuroscience studies has generating a need for a standard canine cortical atlas that provides common spatial referencing and cortical segmentation for advanced neuroimaging data processing and analysis. In this manuscript we create and make available a detailed MRI-based cortical atlas for the canine brain. This atlas includes a population template generated from 30 neurologically and clinically normal non-brachycephalic dogs, tissue segmentation maps and a cortical atlas generated from Jerzy Kreiner’s myeloarchitectonic-based histology atlas. The provided cortical parcellation includes 234 priors from frontal, sensorimotor, parietal, temporal, occipital, cingular and subcortical regions. The atlas was validated using an additional canine cohort with variable cranial conformations. This comprehensive cortical atlas provides a reference standard for canine brain research and will improve and standardize processing and data analysis and interpretation in functional and structural MRI research.
Highlights
The domestic canine is a growing novel model for human neuroscientific research
Post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons of means at 95% family-wise confidence levels showed a significant difference in similarity metrics between alignment and linear registration (p < 0.01) and alignment and nonlinear registration (p < 0.01) but no significant difference in similarity metrics between linear and nonlinear registration
Post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons of means at 95% family-wise confidence levels showed a significant difference in similarity metrics between alignment and nonlinear registration (p = 0.04) (Figure 3)
Summary
The domestic canine (canis familiaris) is a growing novel model for human neuroscientific research. The increasing use of dogs for non-invasive neuroscience studies has generating a need for a standard canine cortical atlas that provides common spatial referencing and cortical segmentation for advanced neuroimaging data processing and analysis In this manuscript we create and make available a detailed MRI-based cortical atlas for the canine brain. The canine suffers from some spontaneous neurological diseases analogous to that of humans, and as such can serve as a unique model for these disease processes including glioma[8] and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis[9] This growing use of the dog in non-invasive neuroscience, aging and neuropathogical research has generated a need for a standard canine brain atlas that provides common spatial referencing and architectonic based cortical segmentation for standardized data processing, analysis and interpretation[3]. They intricately segment the cortex into regions, similar to that described by the Vogt-Vogt school[16]
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