Stem Cell Therapy Post-Angioplasty: A Novel Approach to Counteract Restenosis in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be a primary global health challenge, responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the advancements in therapeutic modalities, challenges persist. Angioplasty stands out as a key intervention for coronary artery disease (CAD), but post-procedural complications, particularly restenosis, remain a concern. Stem cells, given their regenerative properties, have garnered attention as a potential therapeutic avenue following angioplasty, but clinical understanding is still emerging. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of stem cell administration following angioplasty in reducing restenosis rates and improving vascular repair. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 500 CAD patients (aged 45-75) undergoing angioplasty. Participants were randomly allocated to control (standard post-angioplasty care) and experimental groups (standard care + stem cell therapy). Primary outcome was the rate of restenosis at 12 months, with secondary outcomes like intimal hyperplasia and quality of life assessed using EQ-5D. Results: At 12-month follow-up, the restenosis rate was significantly lower in the experimental group (12%) than in the control group (27%) [p<0.001]. Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated a 40% reduction in intimal hyperplasia and reported higher quality of life scores compared to controls. Discussion: Our results signify the potential benefits of stem cell therapy post-angioplasty. The marked reduction in restenosis aligns with prior pre-clinical evidence highlighting stem cells' reparative capacities. Limitations include the study's 12-month duration and the specific age bracket of participants. Conclusions: Stem cell therapy after angioplasty shows promise in reducing restenosis and improving patient outcomes. More long-term studies are essential to solidify these findings and guide clinical applications.