Abstract
Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can renew by itself to produce more stem cells. In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are extracted from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are located in various tissues. Stem cells and progenitor cells act as a repair system for the body, replenishing tissues in adult organism. In a developing embryo, stem cells can differentiate into all the specialized cells (these are called pluripotent cells), but also help in maintainance of the normal turnover of regenerative organs, such as blood, skin, or intestinal tissues.
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