Abstract
Dengue is present in 128 countries worldwide and is still expanding. There is currently no treatment or universally approved vaccine available. Therefore, prevention and control of mosquito vectors remain the most efficient ways of managing the risk of dengue outbreaks. The Stegomyia indices have been developed as quantitative indicators of the risk of dengue outbreaks. However, conflictual data are circulating about their reliability. We report in this article the first extensive study on Stegomyia indices, covering 78 locations of differing environmental and socio-economic conditions, climate, and population density across Indonesia, from West Sumatra to Papua. A total of 65,876 mosquito larvae and pupae were collected for the study. A correlation was found between incidence and human population density. No correlation was found between the incidence of dengue and the Stegomyia indices.
Highlights
Dengue is one of the most widespread mosquito-borne arbovirus disease worldwide
The study was conducted in 78 locations corresponding to 78 districts/municipalities in 26 dengue-endemic provinces in Indonesia (Figure 1, Table 2)
The mosquito collection was implemented as part of the “Rikhus Vektora” project in July–August 2016 in 48 districts/cities, the World Health Organization (WHO) project SEINO 1611945 in September–October 2016 in 12 additional city locations, and in 18 locations in May–July 2017 as part of the Rikhus Vektora project (Figure 1)
Summary
Dengue is one of the most widespread mosquito-borne arbovirus disease worldwide. Dengue viruses are present in 128 countries worldwide with major public health, social and economic consequences [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. Dengue is a complex disease with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal, which is often unrecognized or misdiagnosed and confused with other fever-causing tropical diseases [8]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about 390 million dengue infections occur annually, with 96 million clinical manifestation and 500,000 hospitalization [9]. At least 2.5% of these hospitalizations result in death and almost half of the global world population is at risk of dengue infection [9]. Southeast Asia is the most impacted region and displays the highest incidence of dengue worldwide with all four dengue serotypes circulating in most countries [1, 10]
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