Abstract
The rapid advance and popularization of VoIP (Voice over IP) has also brought security issues. VoIP-based secure voice communication has two sides: first, for legitimate users, the secret voice can be embedded in the carrier and transmitted safely in the channel to prevent privacy leakage and ensure data security; second, for illegal users, the use of VoIP Voice communication hides and transmits illegal information, leading to security incidents. Therefore, in recent years, steganography and steganography analysis based on VoIP have gradually become research hotspots in the field of information security. Steganography and steganalysis based on VoIP can be divided into two categories, depending on where the secret information is embedded: steganography and steganalysis based on voice payload or protocol. The former mainly regards voice payload as the carrier, and steganography or steganalysis is performed with respect to the payload. It can be subdivided into steganography and steganalysis based on FBC (fixed codebook), LPC (linear prediction coefficient), and ACB (adaptive codebook). The latter uses various protocols as the carrier and performs steganography or steganalysis with respect to some fields of the protocol header and the timing of the voice packet. It can be divided into steganography and steganalysis based on the network layer, the transport layer, and the application layer. Recent research results of steganography and steganalysis based on protocol and voice payload are classified in this paper, and the paper also summarizes their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. The development direction of future research is analyzed. Therefore, this research can provide good help and guidance for researchers in related fields.
Highlights
The aim of this paper is to show the advance of steganography and steganalysis based on VoIP
Steganography algorithms based on voice payload can be classified according to the parameter domain, which is divided into the fixed codebook parameter domain, the linear prediction coefficient domain, and the adaptive codebook parameter domain
With the increasingly prominent information security issues of VoIP, research into steganography and steganalysis based on VoIP has become a heated research topic
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The principle is to hide secret information without being noticed by a third party by modifying redundant data in digital media or protocols, such that the carrier’s use attributes are not changed during transmission. By this means, a secret message can be embedded into cover objects and transmitted through public channels [2,3]. The present article is motivated by the following factors: The published reviews do not have a detailed classification of VoIP steganography and steganalysis with respect to the difference of secret information embedding area and parameter attributes.
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